不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响

为探究凋落物和根系在滨海沙地人工林土壤氮循环中所扮演的角色,设置去除凋落物、切断根系、对照3种处理,分析3种典型沿海防护林(尾巨桉、纹荚相思、木麻黄)土壤氮素对不同碳输入的响应。结果表明：滨海沙地土壤矿质氮含量(2.91－4.49 mg?kg－1)远低于内陆森林土壤;3种人工林土壤矿质氮含量表现为纹荚相思>木麻黄>尾巨桉,其中纹荚相思与尾巨桉土壤矿质氮含量差异显著( P<0.05);不同树种土壤硝态氮( NO－3－N)含量存在显著差异,表现为纹荚相思>木麻黄>尾巨桉。树种对切断根系或去除凋落物的响应不一致,切断根系后纹荚相思和木麻黄土壤NO－3－N含量显著高于对照,对铵态氮( NH＋4－N )含量影响不显著;切断根系和去除凋落物处理后土壤硝化作用均增强,对尾巨桉的影响达显著水平( P<0.05);切断根系和去除凋落物均显著降低尾巨桉和纹荚相思土壤微生物量氮( MBN)含量,对土壤可溶性有机氮( DON)的影响与之相反。土壤NO－3－N与土壤MBN之间存在极显著的负相关关系( r＝－0.671, P<0.01),与土壤DON呈极显著正相关( r＝0.900, P<0.01),土壤DOC与NO－3－N、 NH＋4－N之间分别存在显著的负相关( r＝－0.413, P<0.05)和极显著的正相关关系( r＝0.461, P<0.01)。     

盐渍海蜇中铝的脱除与质构变化

研究针对海蜇制品中铝残留严重超标的问题,用5种不同试剂对盐渍海蜇进行铝脱除工艺研究,并分析了铝脱除工艺对海蜇质构的影响。试验结果表明:采用剪切法(A/CKB探头)分析海蜇质构,可以更准确更稳定地测得海蜇产品的质构差异;供试的5种试剂中以复合脱铝剂的脱铝效果最佳,在脱除盐渍海蜇中铝的同时,基本保持了海蜇的质构等感官品质,可以较好保持铝脱除后海蜇的品质。     

超声、酸化对电子酸洗场地土壤重金属洗脱效率及形态的影响

为提高重金属污染场地的化学洗脱效率,以广东省清远市龙塘镇电子酸洗场地土壤为研究对象,通过室内实验,分析超声、酸化等洗脱参数对电子酸洗场地污染土壤Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn洗脱效率的影响。结果表明,超声处理可有效提高土壤重金属的洗脱效率,尤其Cu和Zn,其洗脱效率分别提高了9.65%和15.3%。对污染土壤进行酸化预处理,EDTA对土壤Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的洗脱效率分别提高了70.2%、29.0%、41.1%、48.5%。酸化处理后,土壤p H由6.89降低到4.00;Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn酸提取态分别提高了10.8%、1.26%、11.1%、11.9%。酸化处理使不易被EDTA洗脱的可还原态转变为易被EDTA洗脱的酸提取态和可氧化态,进而提高EDTA对土壤重金属的洗脱效率。因此,超声、酸化预处理可作为提高EDTA对土壤重金属洗脱效率的辅助技术。     

低碳氮比畜禽粪水厌氧消化液短程硝化脱氮试验研究

针对畜禽粪水厌氧消化液存在低C/N、后续可生化性差等问题,提出利用短程硝化反硝化技术处理高氨氮畜禽粪水厌氧消化液。结果表明:在(29±1)℃条件下,通过调节曝气量控制DO在0.6~0.9 mg·L~(-1)之间,接种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥可快速实现短程硝化反硝化;之后在恒定曝气量下使反应器内DO为0.1~2.88 mg·L~(-1)时,在处理高氨氮粪水过程中,通过对比四组不同pH和游离氨(FA)发现,当pH=8、FA=18 mg·L~(-1)左右时更利于亚硝化菌的优势竞争并可长期稳定实现短程硝化反硝化;应用MPN法测得氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)数量之比为600∶1。SBR反应器稳定运行期间COD负荷和氨氮负荷分别为2.0~3.5 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)和0.6~0.8 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),COD去除率为63%~71%,NH~+_4-N去除率在94.9%以上,NO-2-N积累率(NAR)达到94.25%以上。     

原位生物修复脱氮墙去除地下水硝酸盐的进展

脱氮墙技术是一种高效、无能耗去除地下水硝酸盐污染的有效方法。通过对脱氮墙技术的原理、影响脱氮墙系统的关键因素如外加碳源、脱氮效率、水力负荷等的分析,提出脱氮墙技术在运用中存在的问题及其发展方向。     

高压水射流在高压气管内表面清洗中的应用

储运高压气的高压气管使用中因其内表面残留氧化皮脱落造成出口阀路堵塞,导致高压气管失效。介绍了高压水射流清洗技术的特点和水射流效应的机理,阐述了该设备的工作过程、系统组成和基本参数,并作了经济分析和效果评价。     

上海青残留乐果的去除方法

比较水浸泡、洗洁精浸洗、臭氧处理、光照等不同处理方法对上海青[Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis (L.) Makino]上乐果残留的去除效果.结果表明,在pH值为11的水中浸泡30 min,乐果残留的去除率为61.43%;用含0.05%完美芦荟蔬果洁净剂的水浸洗30 min,残留去除率为63.22%;通臭氧30 min的水浸泡30 min,去除率达46.28%;100 W高压汞灯照射60 min,去除率达61.55%.各种方法对乐果农药残留都有不同程度的去除作用.     

虉草作为湿地适生植物可行性分析

研究了虉草的经济价值,虉草根际土壤氧化酶活性、金属累积量及氮、磷、钾含量,虉草氮磷含量、碳酸酐酶活性及光合速率,并将其与一些有代表性的湿地生长植物进行对比。结果表明,虉草可以适应湿地水陆过渡的还原性环境,其氮、磷处理能力及根际土壤重金属富集能力都高于芦苇。     

Yield, Leaf Senescence, and Cry1Ac Expression in Response to Removal of Early Fruiting Branches in Transgenic Bt Cotton

Two-year field experiments were conducted at Linqing, Yellow River valley of China, to study the plant response to the removal of early fruiting branches in transgenic Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） from 2003 to 2004. Plants were undamaged and treated by removing two basal fruiting branches （FB） at squaring to form the control and the removal treatment, respectively. The plant height, leaf area （LA）, dry weight of fruiting forms （DWFF）, the number of fruiting nodes （NFN）, photosynthetic （Pn） rate, and levels of leaf chlorophyll （Chl）, N, P, K, and Cry lAc protein in main- stem leaves were measured at a 10- or 20-d interval after FB removal, and the sink/source ratio as indicated by NFN/LA and DWFF/LA was determined. FB removal significantly increased the plant height, LA, and plant biomass in both years. Lint yields were increased 7.5 and 5.2% by removal compared with their controls in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Significant increases in boll size （5.7 and 5.1%） were also observed in removal than in control for both years. Either NFN/LA or DWFF/LA was significantly reduced by removal before 40 d after removal; however, both NFN/LA and DWFF/LA were significantly enhanced by FB removal at 80 d after removal compared to the untreated control. There was no significant difference in fiber quality in the first two harvests between removal and control, but fiber strength and micronarie in the third harvest were significantly improved by FB removal. In terms of leaf Chl, Pn rate, levels of total N, P, and K in late season, leaf senescence was considerably delayed by FB removal. Levels of CrylAc protein in the fully expanded young leaves were considerably higher in FB-excised plants than in control, indicating FB removal enhanced CrylAc expression. It is suggested that the yield and quality improvement with FB removal may be attributed to the increased NFN/LA or DWFF/LA in late season and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. FB removal can be a potential p     

滨海盐碱地不同抗虫棉品种的产量和熟相及去早果枝的效应

 为探讨不同抗虫棉品种在滨海盐碱地的产量和熟相及其对去早果枝的反应,以早发型（鲁棉研17、21）、晚发型（鲁棉研18、22）抗虫棉和两者的F₁杂交种（01H00、01H01）为材料,于2006－2007年在东营市盐碱棉田进行了试验观察。结果表明,早发型和晚发型抗虫棉品种间的早熟性和熟相存在显著差异,两者的杂交种在2006和2007年分别比常规种增产5.7%~14.5%和4.7%~6.8%,并表现出较好的熟相。早发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝增产5.6%~8.4%,早衰得到延缓;晚发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝减产9.3%~13.1%,表现晚熟。利用不同熟相类型的常规抗虫棉配置杂交组合以及对早发抗虫棉品种去早果枝都是延缓早衰、提高盐碱地棉花产量的有效途径。